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--- mp_buzz [2021/09/29 22:47]
gongyusu
+++ mp_buzz [2023/08/01 10:12] (当前版本)
group003
@@ 行 1: / 行 1: @@
-## 用蜂鸣器播放音乐
+### 可以在线制作Buzz音乐的工具
-### 1. 编程蜂鸣器
+源自：[[https://onlinesequencer.net|onlinesequencer]]
-.首先从machine库导入引脚和PWM，从utime库导入sleep.
+James的Buzz_music代码：
 <code python>
-from machine import Pin, PWM
-from utime import sleep
-</code>
-.初始化PWM(也就是脉宽调制)到管脚22，并分配它为变量buzzer。
-<code python>
-buzzer = PWM(Pin(22))
-</code>
-.给变量buzzer分配一个频率属性，选择10到12,000之间的数值，数值越大音调越高，我们可以设定为500.
-<code python>
-buzzer.freq(500)
-</code>
-.将蜂鸣器对象的duty_u16属性设置为1000，这就能让蜂鸣器尽可能地响。更低的值更安静，0根本没有声音。
-<code python>
-buzzer.duty_u16(1000)
-</code>
-.设置1秒的延迟，然后将duty设置为0，这样声音就会停止。如果不这样做，即使程序执行完毕，嗡嗡声也会继续。
-<code python>
-sleep(1)
-buzzer.duty_u16(0)
-</code>
-最终的代码：
-<code python>
 from machine import Pin, PWM
-from utime import sleep
+from math import ceil
-buzzer = PWM(Pin(22))
-buzzer.freq(500)
-buzzer.duty_u16(1000)
-sleep(1)
-buzzer.duty_u16(0)
-</code>
-### 2. 使用Pico驱动蜂鸣器播放音乐
-Because you can use different frequencies, you can create a full array of musical notes. There are a few lists of musical note frequencies online and many of them trace back to Brett Hagman’s Arduino tone library on Github. We’ll use these values to create a list we can use to play any song early in our code.
-. Import the necessary libraries and initialize PWM on pin 15.
-<code python>
-from machine import Pin, PWM
-from utime import sleep
-buzzer = PWM(Pin(22))
-</code>
-.  Create a dictionary called notes with the following values.
-<code python>
 tones = {
-"B0": 31,
+    'C0':16,
-"C1": 33,
+    'C#0':17,
-"CS1": 35,
+    'D0':18,
-"D1": 37,
+    'D#0':19,
-"DS1": 39,
+    'E0':21,
-"E1": 41,
+    'F0':22,
-"F1": 44,
+    'F#0':23,
-"FS1": 46,
+    'G0':24,
-"G1": 49,
+    'G#0':26,
-"GS1": 52,
+    'A0':28,
-"A1": 55,
+    'A#0':29,
-"AS1": 58,
+    'B0':31,
-"B1": 62,
+    'C1':33,
-"C2": 65,
+    'C#1':35,
-"CS2": 69,
+    'D1':37,
-"D2": 73,
+    'D#1':39,
-"DS2": 78,
+    'E1':41,
-"E2": 82,
+    'F1':44,
-"F2": 87,
+    'F#1':46,
-"FS2": 93,
+    'G1':49,
-"G2": 98,
+    'G#1':52,
-"GS2": 104,
+    'A1':55,
-"A2": 110,
+    'A#1':58,
-"AS2": 117,
+    'B1':62,
-"B2": 123,
+    'C2':65,
-"C3": 131,
+    'C#2':69,
-"CS3": 139,
+    'D2':73,
-"D3": 147,
+    'D#2':78,
-"DS3": 156,
+    'E2':82,
-"E3": 165,
+    'F2':87,
-"F3": 175,
+    'F#2':92,
-"FS3": 185,
+    'G2':98,
-"G3": 196,
+    'G#2':104,
-"GS3": 208,
+    'A2':110,
-"A3": 220,
+    'A#2':117,
-"AS3": 233,
+    'B2':123,
-"B3": 247,
+    'C3':131,
-"C4": 262,
+    'C#3':139,
-"CS4": 277,
+    'D3':147,
-"D4": 294,
+    'D#3':156,
-"DS4": 311,
+    'E3':165,
-"E4": 330,
+    'F3':175,
-"F4": 349,
+    'F#3':185,
-"FS4": 370,
+    'G3':196,
-"G4": 392,
+    'G#3':208,
-"GS4": 415,
+    'A3':220,
-"A4": 440,
+    'A#3':233,
-"AS4": 466,
+    'B3':247,
-"B4": 494,
+    'C4':262,
-"C5": 523,
+    'C#4':277,
-"CS5": 554,
+    'D4':294,
-"D5": 587,
+    'D#4':311,
-"DS5": 622,
+    'E4':330,
-"E5": 659,
+    'F4':349,
-"F5": 698,
+    'F#4':370,
-"FS5": 740,
+    'G4':392,
-"G5": 784,
+    'G#4':415,
-"GS5": 831,
+    'A4':440,
-"A5": 880,
+    'A#4':466,
-"AS5": 932,
+    'B4':494,
-"B5": 988,
+    'C5':523,
-"C6": 1047,
+    'C#5':554,
-"CS6": 1109,
+    'D5':587,
-"D6": 1175,
+    'D#5':622,
-"DS6": 1245,
+    'E5':659,
-"E6": 1319,
+    'F5':698,
-"F6": 1397,
+    'F#5':740,
-"FS6": 1480,
+    'G5':784,
-"G6": 1568,
+    'G#5':831,
-"GS6": 1661,
+    'A5':880,
-"A6": 1760,
+    'A#5':932,
-"AS6": 1865,
+    'B5':988,
-"B6": 1976,
+    'C6':1047,
-"C7": 2093,
+    'C#6':1109,
-"CS7": 2217,
+    'D6':1175,
-"D7": 2349,
+    'D#6':1245,
-"DS7": 2489,
+    'E6':1319,
-"E7": 2637,
+    'F6':1397,
-"F7": 2794,
+    'F#6':1480,
-"FS7": 2960,
+    'G6':1568,
-"G7": 3136,
+    'G#6':1661,
-"GS7": 3322,
+    'A6':1760,
-"A7": 3520,
+    'A#6':1865,
-"AS7": 3729,
+    'B6':1976,
-"B7": 3951,
+    'C7':2093,
-"C8": 4186,
+    'C#7':2217,
-"CS8": 4435,
+    'D7':2349,
-"D8": 4699,
+    'D#7':2489,
-"DS8": 4978
+    'E7':2637,
+    'F7':2794,
+    'F#7':2960,
+    'G7':3136,
+    'G#7':3322,
+    'A7':3520,
+    'A#7':3729,
+    'B7':3951,
+    'C8':4186,
+    'C#8':4435,
+    'D8':4699,
+    'D#8':4978,
+    'E8':5274,
+    'F8':5588,
+    'F#8':5920,
+    'G8':6272,
+    'G#8':6645,
+    'A8':7040,
+    'A#8':7459,
+    'B8':7902,
+    'C9':8372,
+    'C#9':8870,
+    'D9':9397,
+    'D#9':9956,
+    'E9':10548,
+    'F9':11175,
+    'F#9':11840,
+    'G9':12544,
+    'G#9':13290,
+    'A9':14080,
+    'A#9':14917,
+    'B9':15804
 }
-</code>
-. Create a list (aka array) of notes for your song. Use the letter P to represent pauses in the music. Each note should be in quotation marks.
+#Time, Note, Duration, Instrument (onlinesequencer.net schematic format)
+#0 D4 8 0;0 D5 8 0;0 G4 8 0;8 C5 2 0;10 B4 2 0;12 G4 2 0;14 F4 1 0;15 G4 17 0;16 D4 8 0;24 C4 8 0
-<code python>
+class music:
-song = ["E5","G5","A5","P","E5","G5","B5","A5","P","E5","G5","A5","P","G5","E5"]
+    def __init__(self, songString='0 D4 8 0', looping=True, tempo=3, duty=2512, pin=None, pins=[Pin(0)]):
-</code>
+        self.tempo = tempo
+        self.song = songString
+        self.looping = looping
+        self.duty = duty
+        self.stopped = False
+        self.timer = -1
+        self.beat = -1
+        self.arpnote = 0
+        self.pwms = []
+        if (not (pin is None)):
+            pins = [pin]
+        i = 0
+        for pin in pins:
+            self.pwms.append(PWM(pins[i]))
+            i = i + 1
+        self.notes = []
-Hat tip to the folks on this thread for sharing the notes for this famous riff.
+        self.playingNotes = []
+        self.playingDurations = []
-. Create a function called playtone that will take any frequency and play it at full volume.
-<code python>
+        #Find the end of the song
-def playtone(frequency):
+        self.end = 0
-    buzzer.duty_u16(1000)
+        splitSong = self.song.split(";")
-    buzzer.freq(frequency)
+        for note in splitSong:
-</code>
+            snote = note.split(" ")
+            testEnd = round(float(snote[0])) + ceil(float(snote[2]))
+            if (testEnd > self.end):
+                self.end = testEnd
+        #Create empty song structure
+        while (self.end > len(self.notes)):
+            self.notes.append(None)
-. Create a function called bequiet that will silence the buzzer by change duty_u16 to 0.
+        #Populate song structure with the notes
+        for note in splitSong:
+            snote = note.split(" ")
+            beat = round(float(snote[0]));
+            if (self.notes[beat] == None):
+                self.notes[beat] = []
+            self.notes[beat].append([snote[1],ceil(float(snote[2]))]) #Note, Duration
-<code python>
-def bequiet():
-    buzzer.duty_u16(0)
-</code>
-. Create a function called playsong that you will use to iterate through the array of notes and play each or pause when it sees P.
+        #Round up end of song to nearest bar
+        self.end = ceil(self.end / 8) * 8
+    def stop(self):
+        for pwm in self.pwms:
+            pwm.deinit()
+        self.stopped = True
+    def tick(self):
+        if (not self.stopped):
+            self.timer = self.timer + 1
+            #Loop
+            if (self.timer % (self.tempo * self.end) == 0 and (not (self.timer == 0))):
+                if (not self.looping):
+                    self.stop()
+                    return False
+                self.beat = -1
+                self.timer = 0
+            #On Beat
+            if (self.timer % self.tempo == 0):
+                self.beat = self.beat + 1
-<code python>
+                #Remove expired notes from playing list
-def playsong(mysong):
+                i = 0
-    for i in range(len(mysong)):
+                while (i < len(self.playingDurations)):
-        if (mysong[i] == "P"):
+                    self.playingDurations[i] = self.playingDurations[i] - 1
-            bequiet()
+                    if (self.playingDurations[i] <= 0):
+                        self.playingNotes.pop(i)
+                        self.playingDurations.pop(i)
+                    else:
+                        i = i + 1
+                #Add new notes and their durations to the playing list
+                """
+                #Old method runs for every note, slow to process on every beat and causes noticeable delay
+                ssong = song.split(";")
+                for note in ssong:
+                    snote = note.split(" ")
+                    if int(snote[0]) == beat:
+                        playingNotes.append(snote[1])
+                        playingDurations.append(int(snote[2]))
+                """
+                if (self.beat < len(self.notes)):
+                    if (self.notes[self.beat] != None):
+                        for note in self.notes[self.beat]:
+                            self.playingNotes.append(note[0])
+                            self.playingDurations.append(note[1])
+                #Only need to run these checks on beats
+                i = 0
+                for pwm in self.pwms:
+                    if (i >= len(self.playingNotes)):
+                        pwm.duty_u16(0)
+                    else:
+                        #Play note
+                        pwm.duty_u16(self.duty)
+                        pwm.freq(tones[self.playingNotes[i]])
+                    i = i + 1
+            #Play arp of all playing notes
+            if (len(self.playingNotes) > len(self.pwms)):
+                self.pwms[len(self.pwms)-1].duty_u16(self.duty)
+                if (self.arpnote > len(self.playingNotes)-len(self.pwms)):
+                    self.arpnote = 0
+                self.pwms[len(self.pwms)-1].freq(tones[self.playingNotes[self.arpnote+(len(self.pwms)-1)]])
+                self.arpnote = self.arpnote + 1
+            return True
         else:
-            playtone(tones[mysong[i]])
+            return False
-        sleep(0.3)
-    bequiet()
 </code>
-Here’s what’s going on here. First, we create a for loop that iterates through all the values in the mysong array. If the value is equal to P, it triggers be quiet and, if not, it triggers playtone. Note that playtone requires a numeric frequency value so we have to get the number for each note from the tones list. If we just playtone(mysong[i]), it will fail because it will try to play the string “E5,” instead of frequency 659, which is the integer it needs.
+示例代码：example.py
-For each tone or pause, the system maintains state for 0.3 seconds of sleep. If you want a faster tempo, you can lower that time. If you want a slower tempo, increase it.
-. Trigger the playsong function with the song parameter.
 <code python>
-playsong(song)
+from buzzer_music import music
-</code>
+from time import sleep
-When you run this code, you will hear your buzzer play a familiar melody.  Here’s what the complete code should look like:
+#Example songs
-<code python>
+song = '0 A#4 1 1;2 F5 1 1;4 D#5 1 1;8 D5 1 1;11 D5 1 1;6 A#4 1 1;14 D#5 1 1;18 A#4 1 1;20 D#5 1 1;22 A#4 1 1;24 D5 1 1;27 D5 1 1;30 D#5 1 1;32 A#4 1 1;34 F5 1 1;36 D#5 1 1;38 A#4 1 1;40 D5 1 1;43 D5 1 1;46 D#5 1 1;50 A#4 1 1;52 D#5 1 1;54 G5 1 1;56 F5 1 1;59 D#5 1 1;62 F5 1 1;64 A#4 1 1;66 F5 1 1;68 D#5 1 1;70 A#4 1 1;72 D5 1 1;75 D5 1 1;78 D#5 1 1;82 A#4 1 1;84 D#5 1 1;86 A#4 1 1;88 D5 1 1;91 D5 1 1;94 D#5 1 1;96 A#4 1 1;100 D#5 1 1;102 A#4 1 1;104 D5 1 1;107 D5 1 1;110 D#5 1 1;114 A#4 1 1;116 D#5 1 1;118 G5 1 1;120 F5 1 1;123 D#5 1 1;126 F5 1 1;98 F5 1 1'
-from machine import Pin, PWM
-from utime import sleep
-buzzer = PWM(Pin(15))
-tones = {
+from machine import Pin
-"B0": 31,
-"C1": 33,
-"CS1": 35,
-"D1": 37,
-"DS1": 39,
-"E1": 41,
-"F1": 44,
-"FS1": 46,
-"G1": 49,
-"GS1": 52,
-"A1": 55,
-"AS1": 58,
-"B1": 62,
-"C2": 65,
-"CS2": 69,
-"D2": 73,
-"DS2": 78,
-"E2": 82,
-"F2": 87,
-"FS2": 93,
-"G2": 98,
-"GS2": 104,
-"A2": 110,
-"AS2": 117,
-"B2": 123,
-"C3": 131,
-"CS3": 139,
-"D3": 147,
-"DS3": 156,
-"E3": 165,
-"F3": 175,
-"FS3": 185,
-"G3": 196,
-"GS3": 208,
-"A3": 220,
-"AS3": 233,
-"B3": 247,
-"C4": 262,
-"CS4": 277,
-"D4": 294,
-"DS4": 311,
-"E4": 330,
-"F4": 349,
-"FS4": 370,
-"G4": 392,
-"GS4": 415,
-"A4": 440,
-"AS4": 466,
-"B4": 494,
-"C5": 523,
-"CS5": 554,
-"D5": 587,
-"DS5": 622,
-"E5": 659,
-"F5": 698,
-"FS5": 740,
-"G5": 784,
-"GS5": 831,
-"A5": 880,
-"AS5": 932,
-"B5": 988,
-"C6": 1047,
-"CS6": 1109,
-"D6": 1175,
-"DS6": 1245,
-"E6": 1319,
-"F6": 1397,
-"FS6": 1480,
-"G6": 1568,
-"GS6": 1661,
-"A6": 1760,
-"AS6": 1865,
-"B6": 1976,
-"C7": 2093,
-"CS7": 2217,
-"D7": 2349,
-"DS7": 2489,
-"E7": 2637,
-"F7": 2794,
-"FS7": 2960,
-"G7": 3136,
-"GS7": 3322,
-"A7": 3520,
-"AS7": 3729,
-"B7": 3951,
-"C8": 4186,
-"CS8": 4435,
-"D8": 4699,
-"DS8": 4978
-}
-song = ["E5","G5","A5","P","E5","G5","B5","A5","P","E5","G5","A5","P","G5","E5"]
+#One buzzer on pin 0
+mySong = music(song, pins=[Pin(19)])
-def playtone(frequency):
+#Four buzzers
-    buzzer.duty_u16(1000)
+#mySong = music(song, pins=[Pin(0),Pin(1),Pin(2),Pin(3)])
-    buzzer.freq(frequency)
-def bequiet():
-    buzzer.duty_u16(0)
-def playsong(mysong):
-    for i in range(len(mysong)):
-        if (mysong[i] == "P"):
-            bequiet()
-        else:
-            playtone(tones[mysong[i]])
-        sleep(0.3)
-    bequiet()
-playsong(song)
+while True:
+    print(mySong.tick())
+    sleep(0.04)
 </code>